Roughly three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~73%) the rest is mostly helium (~25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron. The Sun accounts for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. This is about 330,000 times the mass of Earth. The diameter of the Sun is about 1.39 million kilometers (864,000 miles), or 109 times that of Earth. It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process. The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. ≈ 370 km/s (relative to the cosmic microwave background) ≈ 20 km/s (relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood) ![]() ≈ 220 km/s (orbit around the center of the Milky Way) ![]() False-color photo of the Sun as seen in ultraviolet light (wavelength of 30.4 nm)
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